All chemicals or any chemical may be poisonous at a given dose and through a particular route. For example, breathing too much pure oxygen, drinking excessive amounts of water, or eating too much salt can cause poisoning or death 1. Department of Health and Human Services. As the lead agency for implementing the health-related guidelines of CERCLA, ATSDR assesses the presence and nature of health hazards at specific Superfund Sites, to help prevent or reduce further exposure and the illnesses that result from such exposures, and to expand the knowledge-base about health effects from exposure to hazardous substances.
ATSDR is mostly concerned with the health effects that may occur from exposure to toxic chemicals. ATSDR also publishes Toxicological Profiles which provide information on specific chemicals and possible health effects , Case Studies in Environmental Medicine which are used to provide information to health care providers about the toxic effects of chemicals , and Public Health Statements which contain information on toxic chemical exposures 4.
Each ToxFAQ summary is quick and easy to understand, and answers the most frequently asked questions FAQs about exposure to hazardous substances found around hazardous waste sites and the effects of exposure on human health. Medical Management Guidelines for Acute Chemical Exposures Guidelines were developed by ATSDR to aid emergency department physicians and other emergency healthcare professionals who manage acute exposures resulting from chemical incidents.
The guidelines are intended to aid healthcare professionals involved in emergency response to effectively decontaminate patients, protect themselves and others from contamination, communicate with other involved personnel, efficiently transport patients to a medical facility, and provide competent medical evaluation and treatment to exposed persons.
EPA is responsible for a number of activities, including enforcing federal laws designed to protect human health and the environment. Following is a list of the regions and the states they cover. Refer to Figure 1. EPA has developed rules and regulations that activate the requirements of several environmental laws provided below. Trainer Note: Refer to Table 1. CDC is an agency in the Department of Health and Human Services, its mission is to promote health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability.
In the past, the CDC has focused on the study and prevention of infectious diseases such as malaria and smallpox. However, now its responsibilities have enlarged to include environmental and occupational hazards. Refer participants to Table 1.
NCEH addresses hazards associated with chemical exposure inside and outside the workplace. NIOSH has several functions, including investigating potentially hazardous work conditions, and evaluating chemical hazards in the workplace. NIOSH is the only federal institute responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related illnesses and injuries.
NRC, established in , regulates the use of nuclear materials for commercial, industrial, academic, and medical purposes.
This includes regulating nuclear power plants, nuclear materials used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, and nuclear materials used in smoke detectors. NRC also regulates non-power research, test and training reactors; nuclear fuel cycle facilities the production of nuclear fuel ; and the transport, storage, and disposal of nuclear materials and waste. FDA promotes and protects the public health by helping safe and effective products reach the market in a timely way, and monitoring products for continued safety after they are in use.
BEIs are recommended maximum concentrations of various types of toxic substances, and are guidelines to evaluate the potential health hazards associated with exposure. The maximum concentration may be measured in blood, urine, or exhaled air.
Box M. Gov external icon. Test Your Knowledge Quiz ». Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link.
Toxicology Curriculum for Communities Trainer's Manual. Clinically relevant genetic polymorphisms and gene defects have been detected, and their number is rapidly growing. The key to understanding is in the host proteins that interact with the drug and mediate the cellular response.
Hence, the proteom, i. Structure-activity studies try to find out useful predictive parameters for risk and toxicity assessment. Abstract Toxicology has matured since it was defined as the 'science of poisons'. Publication types Review.
0コメント