When it was lit and exploded, the liquid nitroglycerin would also explode. A few years later, in , he invented the blasting cap, which replaced the wooden detonator. This early period of experimentation cost Nobel his factory, which blew up, and the deaths of a number of workmen as well as his brother, Emil.
The story of how much credit this budding industrialist gave to the inventor of nitroglycerin is a bit muddied by later conflict between the two men, but the Nobel Prize website and Nobel's biographer Fant both state that Nobel never tried to claim credit for that discovery. In fact, 4 moles of nitroglycerin produces 35 moles of hot gases.
One advantage that nitroglycerin has over some other high explosives, like TNT, is that no solid forms of carbon in the form of soot or smoke is produced when it is detonated. This allows nitroglycerin to be used to make 'smokeless powders', which is of great advantage to artillery or naval gunners whose field of vision does not then become obscured during battle by clouds of billowing smoke.
Nitroglycerin has one major disadvantage, however - it is very, very unstable. To be a useful explosive, a substance has to be able to withstand, without detonating, the jolts and bumps both of its manufacture, and of its transportation to where it will be used. Clearly, nitroglycerin is far too dangerous for this, and many people lost their lives in the last century trying to use nitroglycerin for peaceful purposes like quarrying.
Alfred Nobel worked hard to improve nitroglycerine as an explosive that could be used in blasting rock and in mining. He made one of his most important discoveries when he found that by mixing nitroglycerine, an oily fluid, with kieselguhr , the mixture could be turned into a paste. This material could be kneaded and shaped into rods suitable for insertion into drilling holes.
Leslie Arzt Daniel Roebuck accompanies the team venturing to the Black Rock to assist in the retrieval of dynamite to blast open the mysterious hatch. After Arzt wraps a stick of dynamite in Kate's wet shirt, he waves the dynamite by accident , which explodes in his hands, killing him instantly. History: The Italian chemist Ascanio Sobrero first made nitroglycerin in , by adding glycerol to a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids.
Terrified of his discovery he considered nitroglycerin to be too dangerous for practical use as the impure compound was liable to explode without warning. A Nobel Discovery: Swedish scientist and industrialist Alfred Nobel studied these problems and worked hard to improve nitroglycerin as a means for blasting rock and thus used as a tool for mining.
In the s he discovered that when the compound was combined with silica it could be turned into a paste and kneaded into shapes. This is frequently referred to as dynamite. Discontent: Sobrero was m ortified when Nobel began the commercial exploitation of nitroglycerin and due to the success of dynamite; the Italian felt he had been subject to an injustice.
Although Nobel openly cited Sobrero as the inventor of nitroglycerin, Sobrero quoted: " When I think of all the victims killed during nitroglycerin explosions, and the terrible havoc that has been wreaked, which in all probability will continue to occur in the future, I am almost ashamed to admit to be its discoverer ". Nitroglycerin is derived from glycerol highlighted in red ; where all the OH groups have be replaced with NO 2.
Glycerol is a common biological molecule from which triglycerides fats in animals and oils in plants are assembled. Properties: This heavy, colourless, toxic oil, that is so unstable that the slightest jolt, impact or friction can result in spontaneous detonation. Although explosive in the liquid state, the solid is much less sensitive to shock and therefore more stable freezes at approx.
It is obtained by nitrating glycerol and is used in the manufacture of explosives, specifically dynamite. Click on the picture above to interact with the 3D model of the Nitroglycerin structure.
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