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Copyright notice. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system attacks self-molecules as a result of a breakdown of immunologic tolerance to autoreactive immune cells. Epidemiology and estimated population burden of selected autoimmune diseases in the United States.
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Do you, like millions of others, actually have one of them? The term Autoimmune Disease is used to describe conditions in which the body's immune system — which is supposed to be defending the body against viruses, bacteria and other invaders — is thought to be involved in causing or perpetuating illness. It's as if the body's defense system has turned on its host.
Unfortunately, there is no shortage of conditions considered to be autoimmune. Some typical or common examples include:. What all of these conditions have in common is evidence that the body's immune system is in some way responsible. For example, a skin biopsy may show immune cells collecting near an area of a rash; or, there may be antibodies circulating in the blood that are targeting normal tissues.
In addition, medications that suppress parts of the immune system may be effective treatment. Still, for most of these conditions, the idea that they are autoimmune in nature is suggested by the evidence but difficult to prove; in fact, certain autoimmune diseases may turn out be due to an infection or allergic reaction and the immune abnormalities are just a reaction.
The immune system is exceedingly complex and decades of research have illuminated some of the ways it goes awry in autoimmune disease. Examples include bacteria, viruses, toxins , cancer cells, and blood and tissue from outside the body. These substances contain antigens. The immune system produces antibodies against these antigens that enable it to destroy these harmful substances.
When you have an autoimmune disorder, your immune system does not distinguish between healthy tissue and potentially harmful antigens. As a result, the body sets off a reaction that destroys normal tissues.
The exact cause of autoimmune disorders is unknown. One theory is that some microorganisms such as bacteria or viruses or drugs may trigger changes that confuse the immune system. This may happen more often in people who have genes that make them more prone to autoimmune disorders. An autoimmune disorder may affect one or more organ or tissue types. Areas often affected by autoimmune disorders include:. A person may have more than one autoimmune disorder at the same time. Common autoimmune disorders include:.
Symptoms will vary, based on the type and location of the faulty immune response. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Autoimmune disease is controlled by genetic and environmental factors.
Both of these affect susceptibility to autoimmunity at three levels: the overall reactivity of the immune system, the specific antigen and its presentation, and the target issue. Jacobson, D. Epidemiology and estimated population burden of selected autoimmune diseases in the United States.
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