Meaningful learning involves processing new facts, adjusting assumptions and drawing nuanced conclusions. As researchers Thomas Romberg and Thomas Carpenter describe it:.
In other words, meaningful learning is like a puzzle — having the pieces is one thing, but knowing how to put it together becomes an engaging process that helps solidify learning. Formative assessments help you track how student knowledge is growing and changing in your classroom in real-time. While it requires a bit of a time investment — especially at first — the gains are more than worth it. A March study found that providing formal formative assessment evidence such as written feedback and quizzes within or between instructional units helped enhance the effectiveness of formative assessments.
Introducing students to formative assessments in a low-stakes way can help you benchmark their progress and reduce math anxiety. Find more engaging formative assessment ideas here! Prodigy makes it easy to create, deliver and grade formative assessments that keep your students engaged with the learning process and provide you with actionable data to adjust your lesson plans.
Use your Prodigy teacher dashboard to create an Assignment and make formative assessments easy! Assignments assess your students on a particular skill with a set number of questions and can be differentiated for individual students or groups of students. Summative assessments measure student progress as an assessment of learning. Standardized tests are a type of summative assessment and provide data for you, school leaders and district leaders. Try creating assessments that deviate from the standard multiple-choice test, like:.
No matter what type of summative assessment you give your students, keep some best practices in mind:. Use these summative assessment examples to make them effective and fun for your students! Did you know you can use Prodigy to prepare your students for summative assessments — and deliver them in-game? Use Assignments to differentiate math practice for each student or send an end-of-unit test to the whole class. Or use our Test Prep tool to understand student progress and help them prepare for standardized tests in an easy, fun way!
See how you can benchmark student progress and prepare for standardized tests with Prodigy. Ipsative assessments are one of the types of assessment as learning that compares previous results with a second try, motivating students to set goals and improve their skills. A two-stage assessment framework helps students learn from their mistakes and motivates them to do better.
Plus, it removes the instant gratification of goals and teaches students learning is a process. One study on ipsative learning techniques found that when it was used with higher education distance learners, it helped motivate students and encouraged them to act on feedback to improve their grades.
In Gwyneth Hughes' book, Ipsative Assessment: Motivation Through Marking Progress , she writes: "Not all learners can be top performers, but all learners can potentially make progress and achieve a personal best.
Putting the focus onto learning rather than meeting standards and criteria can also be resource efficient. While educators might use this type of assessment during pre- and post-test results, they can also use it in reading instruction. Depending on your school's policy, for example, you can record a student reading a book and discussing its contents. Then, at another point in the year, repeat this process. Next, listen to the recordings together and discuss their reading improvements.
Norm-referenced assessments are tests designed to compare an individual to a group of their peers, usually based on national standards and occasionally adjusted for age, ethnicity or other demographics. Unlike ipsative assessments, where the student is only competing against themselves, norm-referenced assessments draw from a wide range of data points to make conclusions about student achievement.
Proponents of norm-referenced assessments point out that they accentuate differences among test-takers and make it easy to analyze large-scale trends.
Criterion-referenced assessments compare the score of an individual student to a learning standard and performance level, independent of other students around them.
In the classroom, this means measuring student performance against grade-level standards and can include end-of-unit or final tests to assess student understanding. Outside of the classroom, criterion-referenced assessments appear in professional licensing exams, high school exit exams and citizenship tests, where the student must answer a certain percentage of questions correctly to pass.
Criterion-referenced assessments are most often compared with norm-referenced assessments. Instead, each student is graded to provide insight into their strengths and areas for improvement. When it comes to your teaching, here are some best practices to help you identify which type of assessment will work and how to structure it, so you and your students get the information you need. Good assessments allow you to answer the question,. Assessment then becomes a lens for understanding student learning, identifying invisible barriers, and helping us to improve our teaching approaches.
Understanding the Role of Assessment in Learning. Defining Assessment What exactly do we mean when we talk about assessment of student learning? Assessment and Learning Assessment plays an important role in the process of learning and motivation. Considerations for Measuring Student Learning As you develop methods for assessing your students consider: including indirect and direct assessments as well as formative and summative assessments evaluating whether or not the assessment aligns directly with a learning outcome ensuring the measurement is sustainable and reasonable in terms of time and resources, both for the students and the instructors e.
To estimate the time that students need to complete different assignments, see the Rice University workload calculator using a mid-semester student survey, such as the CTI's Mid-Semester Feedback Program , which is a great way to gather feedback on what students are learning and what is helping them learn using the results of the assessments to improve the course.
Examples include revising course content in terms of depth vs. How are the assessments aligned with learning outcomes? What is its intrinsic value in terms of: Knowledge acquired?
Skill development? Values clarification? Performance attainment? How are homework and problem sets related to exams? How are the exams related to each other? What other forms of assessment besides exams can be used as indicators of student learning?
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